Habits, whether good or bad, are gradually formed．When a person does a certain thing again, he is impelled(推进，敦促)by some unseen force to do the same thing repeatedly; thus a habit is formed．Once a habit is formed, it is difficult, and sometimes impossible, to get rid of．It is therefore very important that we should pay great attention to the formation(形成)of habits．Children often form bad habits, some of which remain with them as long as they live．Older persons also form bad habits as long as they live, and sometimes become ruined by them．
There are other habits which, when formed in early life, are of great help．Many successful men say that much of their success has something to do with certain habits in early life, such as early rising, honesty and thoroughness(周详)．
Among the habits which children should not form are laziness, lying, stealing and so on．These are all easily formed habits．Unfortunately older persons form habits which ought to have been avoided．
We ought to keep from all these old habits, and try to form such habits as will prove good for ourselves and others．
(1)
Habits, whether good or bad, are formed ________, ________ everyone knows．
[ ]
A．
day by day; and
B．
gradually; as
C．
gradually; that
D．
century after century; as
(2)
Why should we pay much attention to the formation of habits?
[ ]
A．
Because habits are of great help to every one of us．
B．
Because a man can never get rid of a habit．
C．
It is because we are forced to do them again and again．
D．
It is because it's hard and even not possible to smooth them away
Thousands of people began pouring into Pennsylvania from other states．They wanted to buy lottery tickets．The tickets cost only $0.9 each．But that small spending could bring them a reward of $90 million．That was the second largest lottery jackpot(积累奖金)in history．
More than 87 million tickets were bought for the Pennsylvania lottery drawing．Those who bought tickets had to choose seven numbers from 1 to 80．The chance of winning was one in 9.6 million．But that little chance certainly didn’t affect ticket sales．In the last few days before the drawing, tickets were selling at the unbelievable rate of 500 per second．
Experts say many people buy lottery tickets because they just want to have a piece of the action．Others say the lottery is a stock market for poor people．It allows them to dream about wealth they’ll probably never have．
But many people believe lotteries are no better than legalized(合法化的)gambling．Some critics note that most people who play are poor and may not be able to afford the tickets．There are also many addicts who take the game seriously．They may pour their life savings into lottery tickets．Some clubs have been formed to help them kick the habit．
Politicians like lotteries because they provide money that would otherwise have to come from new taxes．The profits from lotteries are usually used to pay for education or programs for senior citizens．But critics say this arrangement just allows states to legalize vice(恶习), under the name of social progress．No matter whether you regard state lotteries right or not, you cannot refuse to accept their extreme popularity with many Americans．
(1)
The main idea of the passage is that ________．
[ ]
A．
lotteries are of great benefit to everyone who buys them
B．
playing a lottery is just like investing in the stock market
C．
a lot of people buy lottery tickets, but lotteries cause disagreement
D．
lotteries are just legalized vice
(2)
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
[ ]
A．
Politicians like lotteries because they don’t have to pay extra tax．
B．
The popularity of lotteries in America actually is social progress．
C．
Some critics don’t like lotteries because many poor people waste their money on them．
D．
People love the lottery because it is a stock market．
(3)
In just one hour in the last few days, the Pennsylvania lottery sold tickets totaling ________．
[ ]
A．
$1.62 million
B．
﹩90 million
C．
﹩9.6 million
D．
﹩87 million
(4)
People who are addicted to playing lotteries should ________．
[ ]
A．
join a club
B．
kick the habit
C．
win the Pennsylvania
D．
save every cent
阅读理解。
Friendship and friends continue to be the centre of our life．The relationship that we share with our friends is grounded in mutual(相互的)care as our friends help us in shaping our personalities as well．Even in this age of online social networking and e-cards, the need of keeping the network of friends, whether online or offline remains a primary concern for people．We may not completely understand what makes a friend but we all want to have a good number of friends around us．
The first step to make friends with someone is to make them like you．If they don't like you in the first place, it is unlikely that they'll be eager to become your friends．To let someone know that you are specially interested in them, simple gestures like a little smile and calling them by their names can lay the basic foundation．To make the other person feel important to you, you need to be a good listener and encourage the other person to talk．Give your honest and sincere opinion but do not directly criticize or make fun of him or her．
The second step of making someone your friend is to develop a mutual understanding．You need to share his or her experiences and it is necessary for you to develop a habit to see things from the other person's point of view．
The third or final step towards friendship is to show your unconditional support and encouragement towards your friend．Moreover, you also need to be very clear about your expectations from your friend．If what you expect from the person you want to make friends with matches with what that person can give, the developing friendship between you and your friend is sure to be successful．
(1)
The underlined word “shaping”(in Paragraph 1)means “________”．
[ ]
A．
forming
B．
changing
C．
catching
D．
losing
(2)
In order to develop the friendship, the most important thing is that we should ________．
[ ]
A．
give gifts to each other often
B．
meet each other every day
C．
care for each other
D．
help each other to live a happy life
(3)
Which one of the following is true according to this passage?
[ ]
A．
It is no use learning what a true friend is．
B．
It is very important to understand each other．
C．
It is a duty for you to meet your friends' need all the time．
D．
We had better keep silent when staying with our friends．
(4)
If you want to make friends with someone, you can ________．
[ ]
A．
show your interest with a smile to him or her
B．
make him or her feel more important than you
C．
never expect him or her to support you
D．
have your own ways of seeing things
(5)
What is the best title for this passage?
[ ]
A．
What Is a Good Friend?
B．
The More Friends, The Better
C．
Steps to Make Friends
D．
Always Thinking of Others
阅读理解：
Almost all cultures celebrate the end of one year and the beginning of another in some way．Different cultures celebrate the beginning of a new year in different ways, and at different times on the calendar．
In Western countries, people usually celebrate New Year at midnight on January 1st．People may go to parties, dress in formal clothes－like tuxedos(小礼服)and evening gowns, and drink champagne at midnight．During the first minutes of the New Year, people cheer and wish each other happiness for the year ahead．But some cultures prefer to celebrate the New Year by waking up early to watch the sun rise．They welcome the New Year with the first light of the sunrise．
It is also a common Western custom to make a New Year's promise, called a resolution．New Year's resolutions usually include promises to try something new or change a bad habit in the new year．
Many cultures also do special things to get rid of bad luck at the beginning of a new year．For example, in Ecuador, families make a big doll from old clothes．The doll is filled with old newspapers and firecrackers．At midnight, these dolls are burned to show the bad things from the past year are gone and the new year can start afresh(again)．Other common traditions to keep away bad luck in a new year include throwing things into rivers or the ocean, or saying special things on the first day of the new year．
Other New Year traditions are followed to bring good luck is to eat grapes on New Year's Day．The more grapes a person eats, the more good luck the person will have in the year．In France, people eat pancakes for good luck at New Year．In the United States, some people eat black-eyed peas(豇豆)for good luck－but to get good luck for a whole year you have to eat 365 of them!
(1)
Which culture celebrates New Year in the morning?
[ ]
A．
The United States．
B．
Spain．
C．
France．
D．
The passage doesn't say．
(2)
What is a resolution?
[ ]
A．
Something you burn．
B．
Something you eat．
C．
Something you say．
D．
Something you wear．
(3)
What is the topic of the fourth paragraph?
[ ]
A．
Bringing good luck．
B．
Keeping away bad luck．
C．
Planning for the next year．
D．
Remembering the past．
(4)
Which is probably true about eating black-eyed peas on New Year?
[ ]
A．
Black-eyed peas taste bad．
B．
One pea brings one day of luck．
C．
The peas are very difficult to cook．
D．
It is bad luck to eat a lot of black-eyed peas．
阅读理解：
Even a child knows that nodding the head means “Yes”．But some people will probably be puzzled when they first come to India．When they talk to an Indian, he often shakes his head．They might think that the Indian does not like what he said, but on the contrary he is expressing agreement．
The Indians have a habit of shaking their heads slightly when they talk to somebody．It doesn't mean “No”, but “Yes”．
If a person doesn't know this, it might cause misunderstanding．
At one time a foreigner in Indian told his driver who was an Indian to take him to his office．The driver shook his head．The foreigner repeated his request and the driver shook his head again．At last, the foreigner shouted angrily, “Drive me to my office at once!” The driver said in a low voice, “Yes, sir,” smiling and shaking his head again at the same time．
(1)
Generally speaking, nodding the head means ________, and shaking the head means ________．
[ ]
A．
Yes; No
B．
No; Yes
C．
Yes; Yes
D．
No; No
(2)
Why did the Indian driver shake his head when the foreigner asked him to drive him to his office? Because ________．
[ ]
A．
the Indian driver had something important to do
B．
the foreigner promised to give him only a little money
C．
the driver felt uncomfortable at that time
D．
in India shaking the head means agreement
(3)
Why did the foreigner become angry? Because ________．
[ ]
A．
the Indian driver didn't want to send him to his office
B．
he misunderstood the meaning of shaking the head in India
C．
he asked the driver to send him to his office, but the Indian driver didn't say any words
D．
the Indian driver asked him for a lot of money
(4)
The underlined phrase “on the contrary” means ________．
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