题目内容

一个不计重力的带电粒子质量为m,带电量为q,在匀强电场中运动,电场场强方向水平向右,场强大小为E.如图所示,某时刻粒子经过a点,速度方向与电场线成60°角,经过时间t,它恰好经过b点,速度方向与电场线成30°角,求:

(1)粒子从a运动到b的过程中电场力对带电粒子所做的功.

(2)ab两点间距离.

答案:
解析:

设计意图:本题考查带电粒子在电场中的偏转以及电场力做功问题.

解析:(1)建立直角坐标系,取E方向为x轴正方向,垂直E竖直向上方向为y轴正方向,设粒子经过ab点时的速度大小分别为vavb,它们沿xy方向的分速度分别为vaxvayvbxvy如图所示.则有:

=cos60=                                                                                                                                                                                               

=sin60=                                                                                                                                                                                            

同理有:

=cos30=                                                                                              ③

=sin30=                                                                                                         ④

带电粒子在电场力作用下,沿x方向做匀加速直线运动,其加速度为:

=                                                                                                                  ⑤

则有:vbx=vax+ax·t                                                                                               

由①②③④⑤⑥联立得:

vb=va+·t                                                                                               

带电粒子沿y方向做匀速直线运动;则有:

vby=vay

即:=                                                                                                                                                                                                     

由⑦⑧联立得:=

=

带电粒子从a点运动到b点,电场力所做的功W为:

W=m-m

=

(2)带电粒子由a点运动到b点,xy方向的位移分别为:

=t

 =(+)t

 =

=·t=t=

带电粒子由ab的合位移为:

=

 =

易错点:不能正确分析带电粒子在电场中的运动是一个类平抛运动,从而错解.

答案:(1)W=

(2)=


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