ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ

£¨2011?ʯ¾°É½Çøһģ£©Ä³ÎÞÉ«ÈÜÒºÖк¬ÓУº¢ÙNa+¡¢¢ÚBa2+¡¢¢ÛCl-¡¢¢ÜBr-¡¢¢ÝSO2-3¡¢¢ÞSO2-4-Àë×ÓÖеÄÒ»ÖÖ»ò¼¸ÖÖ£¬ÒÀ´Î½øÐÐÏÂÁÐʵÑ飬ÇÒÿ²½Ëù¼ÓÊÔ¼Á¾ù¹ýÁ¿£¬¹Û²ìµ½µÄÏÖÏóÈçÏ£º
²½Öè ²Ù×÷ ÏÖÏó
¢Ù ÓÃpHÊÔÖ½¼ìÑé ÈÜÒºµÄpH´óÓÚ7
¢Ú ÏòÈÜÒºÖеμÓÂÈË®£¬ÔÙ¼ÓÈëCCl4Õñµ´£¬¾²Öà CCl4²ã³Ê³ÈºìÉ«
¢Û È¡¢ÚµÄÉϲãÈÜÒº£¬¼ÓÈëBa£¨NO3£©2ÈÜÒººÍÏ¡HNO3 Óа×É«³Áµí²úÉú
¢Ü ½«¢Û¹ýÂË£¬ÏòÂËÒºÖмÓÈëAgNO3ÈÜÒººÍÏ¡HNO3 Óа×É«³Áµí²úÉú
¸ù¾ÝÉÏÊöʵÑéÏÖÏó£¬ÅжÏÒÔϽáÂÛÖÐÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ£¨¡¡¡¡£©
·ÖÎö£º¢ÙÒÀ¾ÝÈÜÒºpH´óÓÚ7£¬ËµÃ÷ÈÜÒºÏÔ¼îÐÔ£¬ÅжϴæÔÚµÄÀë×Ó£»
¢ÚÈÜÒºÖеμÓÂÈË®£¬ÔÙ¼ÓÈëCCl4Õñµ´£¬¾²ÖÃCCl4²ã³Ê³ÈºìÉ«£¬ÒÀ¾ÝÏÖÏó·ÖÎöÉú³ÉÁËäåµ¥ÖÊ·ÖÎö£»
¢ÛÒÀ¾ÝÏÖÏó·ÖÎö°×É«³ÁµíÊǵÄÊÇÁòËá±µ·ÖÎöÉú³ÉµÄÔ­Òò£»
¢ÜÒÀ¾ÝÏÖÏóÅжÏÊÇÂÈÀë×ÓµÄÐÔÖÊ£¬×ÛºÏÉÏÊö²½Öè·ÖÎöÂÈ»¯ÒøµÄÉú³ÉÔ­Òò£®
½â´ð£º½â£º¢ÙÈÜÒºpH´óÓÚ7£¬ËµÃ÷ÈÜÒºÏÔ¼îÐÔ£¬½áºÏÀë×ÓÐÔÖÊ¿ÉÖª£¬Ö»ÓÐÑÇÁòËá¸ùÀë×ÓË®½âÏÔ¼îÐÔ£¬ËùÒÔÈÜÒºÖÐÒ»¶¨º¬ÓТÝSO32-£»
¢ÚÏòÈÜÒºÖеμÓÂÈË®£¬ÔÙ¼ÓÈëCCl4Õñµ´£¬¾²ÖÃCCl4²ã³Ê³ÈºìÉ«£¬ËµÃ÷ÈÜÒºÖк¬ÓÐäåÀë×Ó£¬±»Í¨ÈëµÄÂÈÆøÑõ»¯Îªäåµ¥ÖÊ£¬ËùÒÔÈÜÒºÖÐÒ»¶¨º¬ÓТÜBr-£»
¢ÛÈ¡¢ÚµÄÉϲãÈÜÒº£¬¼ÓÈëBa£¨NO3£©2ÈÜÒººÍÏ¡HNO3£¬Óа×É«³Áµí²úÉúÊÇÉú³ÉÁËÁòËá±µ³Áµí£¬Ô­ÈÜÒºÖÐÑÇÁòËá¸ùÀë×Ó±»¼ÓÈëµÄÏõËáÑõ»¯ÎªÁòËá¸ùÀë×ÓÉú³ÉÁòËá±µ³Áµí£¬ËùÒÔÔ­ÈÜÒºÖÐÁòËá¸ùÀë×Ó²»ÄÜÈ·¶¨£»
¢Ü½«¢Û¹ýÂË£¬ÏòÂËÒºÖмÓÈëAgNO3ÈÜÒººÍÏ¡HNO3£¬Óа×É«³ÁµíÉú³É£¬ËµÃ÷ÊÇÂÈ»¯Òø³Áµí£¬ÓÉÓÚ¢Ú²½Öè¼ÓÈëÁËÂÈÀë×Ó£¬ËùÒÔÔ­ÈÜÒºÖÐÂÈÀë×Ó²»ÄÜÈ·¶¨£»
×ÛÉÏËùÊöÔ­ÈÜÒºÖÐÒ»¶¨º¬ÓÐÑÇÁòËá¸ùÀë×ÓºÍäåÀë×Ó£¬ÓÉÓÚÔ­ÈÜÒºÊÇÎÞÉ«ÈÜÒº£¬ËùÒÔÒ»¶¨²»º¬¢ÚBa2+£¬ÒÀ¾Ýµç½âÖÊÈÜÒº³ÊµçÖÐÐÔ£®ËùÒÔÓÐÒõÀë×Ó±ØÐëÓÐÑôÀë×Ó£¬Òò´ËÒ»¶¨º¬¢ÙNa+£¬ËùÒÔ
A¡¢¿Ï¶¨º¬ÓеÄÀë×ÓÊǢ٢ܢݣ¬¹ÊAÕýÈ·£»
B¡¢¿Ï¶¨Ã»ÓеÄÀë×ÓÊÇ¢Ú£¬¹ÊB´íÎó£»
C¡¢¿ÉÄܺ¬ÓеÄÀë×ÓÊÇ¢Û¢Þ£¬¹ÊC´íÎó£»
D¡¢²»ÄÜÈ·¶¨µÄÀë×ÓÊÇ¢Û¢Þ£¬¹ÊD´íÎó£»
¹ÊÑ¡A£®
µãÆÀ£º±¾Ì⿼²éÁ˳£¼ûÀë×Ó¼ìÑéµÄ·½·¨£¬¹Ø¼üÊÇÀë×ӵĹ²´æÅжϺÍÏÖÏóµÄÓ¦Óã¬ÒÔ¼°¼ÓÈëÊÔ¼Á¶Ô²Ù×÷²½ÖèµÄÓ°ÏìºÍ¸ÉÈÅ×÷Óã®
Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÌâÄ¿
£¨2011?ʯ¾°É½Çøһģ£©ÎÒ¹úÖƼҵµÄÏÈÇý--ºîµÂ°ñÏÈÉú£¬1939Äê·¢Ã÷ÁËÖøÃûµÄºîÊÏÖƼ£¬ÆäºËÐÄ·´Ó¦Ô­Àí¿ÉÓÃÈçÏ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ±íʾ£º
NH3+CO2+NaCl+H2O¨TNH4Cl+NaHCO3£¨¾§Ì壩£¬ÒÀ¾Ý´ËÔ­Àí£¬ÓûÖƵÃ̼ËáÇâÄƾ§Ì壬ijУѧÉúÉè¼ÆÁËÈçÏÂʵÑé×°Öã¬ÆäÖÐB×°ÖÃÖеÄÊÔ¹ÜÄÚÊÇÈÜÓа±ºÍÂÈ»¯ÄƵÄÈÜÒº£¬ÇÒ¶þÕß¾ùÒÑ´ïµ½±¥ºÍ£®

£¨1£©A×°ÖÃÖÐËù·¢Éú·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ
CaCO3+2H+=Ca2++CO2¡ü+H2O
CaCO3+2H+=Ca2++CO2¡ü+H2O
£®C×°ÖÃÖÐÏ¡ÁòËáµÄ×÷ÓÃΪ
ÎüÊÕ´ÓB×°ÖÃÖеÄÊÔ¹ÜÄÚÒݳöµÄ°±Æø£¬¼õÉÙ¶Ô»·¾³µÄÎÛȾ
ÎüÊÕ´ÓB×°ÖÃÖеÄÊÔ¹ÜÄÚÒݳöµÄ°±Æø£¬¼õÉÙ¶Ô»·¾³µÄÎÛȾ
£®
£¨2£©Ï±íÖÐËùÁгöµÄÊÇÏà¹ØÎïÖÊÔÚ²»Í¬Î¶ÈϵÄÈܽâ¶ÈÊý¾Ý£¨g/100gË®£©
ζÈ
Èܽâ¶È
ÑÎ
0¡æ 10¡æ 20¡æ 30¡æ 40¡æ 50¡æ
NaCl 35.7 35.8 36.0 36.3 36.6 37.0
NaHCO3 6.9 8.1 9.6 11.1 12.7 14.5
NH4Cl 29.4 33.3 37.2 41.4 45.8 50.4
²ÎÕÕ±íÖÐÊý¾Ý£¬Çë·ÖÎöB×°ÖÃÖÐʹÓñùË®µÄÄ¿µÄÊÇ
ζÈÔ½µÍ̼ËáÇâÄÆÈܽâ¶ÈԽС£¬±ãÓÚÎö³ö
ζÈÔ½µÍ̼ËáÇâÄÆÈܽâ¶ÈԽС£¬±ãÓÚÎö³ö
£®
£¨3£©¸ÃУѧÉúÔÚ¼ì²éÍê´ËÌ××°ÖÃÆøÃÜÐÔºó½øÐÐʵÑ飬½á¹ûûÓеõ½Ì¼ËáÇâÄƾ§Ì壬ָѰ½Ìʦָ³öÓ¦ÔÚ
AB
AB
×°ÖÃÖ®¼ä£¨Ìîд×Öĸ£©Á¬½ÓÒ»¸öÊ¢ÓÐ
±¥ºÍ̼ËáÇâÄÆÈÜÒºµÄ
±¥ºÍ̼ËáÇâÄÆÈÜÒºµÄ
µÄÏ´Æø×°Öã¬Æä×÷ÓÃÊÇ
³ýÈ¥¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ÆøÌåÖеÄÂÈ»¯ÇâÆøÌå
³ýÈ¥¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ÆøÌåÖеÄÂÈ»¯ÇâÆøÌå
£®
£¨4£©Èô¸ÃУѧÉú½øÐÐʵÑéʱ£¬ËùÓñ¥ºÍʳÑÎË®Öк¬NaClµÄÖÊÁ¿Îª5.85g£¬ÊµÑéºóµÃµ½¸ÉÔïµÄNaHCO3¾§ÌåµÄÖÊÁ¿Îª5.04g£¬ÔòNaHCO3µÄ²úÂÊΪ
60%
60%
£®
£¨2011?ʯ¾°É½Çøһģ£©¹¤ÒµºÏ³É°±ÓëÖƱ¸ÏõËáÒ»°ã¿ÉÁ¬ÐøÉú²ú£¬Á÷³ÌÈçÏ£º

£¨1£©¹¤ÒµÉú²úʱ£¬ÖÆÈ¡ÇâÆøµÄÒ»¸ö·´Ó¦Îª£ºCO+H2O£¨g£©?CO2+H2£®t¡æʱ£¬Íù1LÃܱÕÈÝÆ÷ÖгäÈë0.2mol COºÍ0.3molË®ÕôÆø£®·´Ó¦½¨Á¢Æ½ºâºó£¬ÌåϵÖÐc£¨H2£©=0.12mol?L-1£®¸ÃζÈÏ´˷´Ó¦µÄƽºâ³£ÊýK=
1
1
£¨Ìî¼ÆËã½á¹û£©£®
£¨2£©ºÏ³ÉÅàÖз¢Éú·´Ó¦N2£¨g£©+3H2£¨g£©?2NH3£¨g£©¡÷H£¼0£®Ï±íΪ²»Í¬Î¶Èϸ÷´Ó¦µÄƽºâ³£Êý£®ÓÉ´Ë¿ÉÍÆÖª£¬±íÖÐT1
£¼
£¼
300¡æ£¨Ìî¡°£¾¡±¡¢¡°£¼¡±»ò¡°=¡±£©£®
T/¡æ T1 300 T2
K 1.00¡Á107 2.45¡Á105 1.88¡Á103
£¨3£©N2ºÍH2ÔÚÌú×÷´ß»¯¼Á×÷ÓÃÏ´Ó145¡æ¾Í¿ªÊ¼·´Ó¦£¬²»Í¬Î¶ÈÏÂNH3²úÂÊÈçͼËùʾ£®Î¶ȸßÓÚ900¡æʱ£¬NH3²úÂÊϽµµÄÔ­Òò
ζȸßÓÚ900¡æʱ£¬Æ½ºâÏò×óÒƶ¯
ζȸßÓÚ900¡æʱ£¬Æ½ºâÏò×óÒƶ¯
£®
£¨4£©ÔÚÉÏÊöÁ÷³ÌͼÖУ¬Ñõ»¯Â¯Öз¢Éú·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ
4NH3+5O2
´ß»¯¼Á
.
¡÷
4NO+6H2O
4NH3+5O2
´ß»¯¼Á
.
¡÷
4NO+6H2O
£®
£¨5£©ÏõË᳧µÄβÆøº¬ÓеªµÄÑõ»¯ÎÈç¹û²»¾­´¦ÀíÖ±½ÓÅŷŽ«ÎÛȾ¿ÕÆø£®Ä¿Ç°¿Æѧ¼Ò̽Ë÷ÀûÓÃȼÁÏÆøÌåÖеļ×ÍéµÈ½«µªµÄÑõ»¯ÎﻹԭΪµªÆøºÍË®£¬·´Ó¦»úÀíΪ£º
CH4£¨g£©+4NO2£¨g£©¨T4NO£¨g£©+CO2£¨g£©+2H2O£¨g£©¡÷H=-574kJ?mol-1
CH4£¨g£©+4NO£¨g£©¨T2N2£¨g£©+CO2£¨g£©+2H2O£¨g£©¡÷H=-1160kJ?mol-1
Ôò¼×ÍéÖ±½Ó½«N02»¹Ô­ÎªN2µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ£º
CH4£¨g£©+2NO2£¨g£©¨TN2£¨g£©+CO2£¨g£©+2H2O£¨g£©¡÷H=-867kJ?mol-1
CH4£¨g£©+2NO2£¨g£©¨TN2£¨g£©+CO2£¨g£©+2H2O£¨g£©¡÷H=-867kJ?mol-1
£®
£¨6£©°±ÆøÔÚ´¿ÑõÖÐȼÉÕ£¬Éú³ÉÒ»ÖÖµ¥ÖʺÍË®£¬ÊÔд³ö¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ
4NH3+5O2
 µãȼ 
.
 
4N2+6H2O
4NH3+5O2
 µãȼ 
.
 
4N2+6H2O
£¬¿Æѧ¼ÒÀûÓôËÔ­Àí£¬Éè¼Æ³É°±ÆøÒ»ÑõÆøȼÁϵç³Ø£¬ÔòͨÈë°±ÆøµÄµç¼«ÊÇ
¸º¼«
¸º¼«
 £¨Ìî¡°Õý¼«¡±»ò¡°¸º¼«¡±£©£»¼îÐÔÌõ¼þÏ£¬¸Ãµç¼«·¢Éú·´Ó¦µÄµç¼«·´Ó¦Ê½Îª
2NH3-6e-+6OH-¡úN2+6H2O
2NH3-6e-+6OH-¡úN2+6H2O
£®

Î¥·¨ºÍ²»Á¼ÐÅÏ¢¾Ù±¨µç»°£º027-86699610 ¾Ù±¨ÓÊÏ䣺58377363@163.com

¾«Ó¢¼Ò½ÌÍø