ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
ÏÖÓÐÏÂÁÐÊ®ÖÖÎïÖÊ£º
¢ÙH2£»¢ÚÂÁ£»¢ÛCaO£»¢ÜCO2£»¢ÝH2SO4£»¢ÞBa(OH)2£»¢ßºìºÖÉ«µÄÇâÑõ»¯ÌúÒºÌ壻¢à°±Ë®£»¢áÏ¡ÏõË᣻¢âAl2(SO4)3
ÉÏÊö¸÷ÎïÖÊ°´ÎïÖʵķÖÀà·½·¨Ìîд±í¸ñµÄ¿Õ°×´¦£¨ÌîÎïÖʱàºÅ£©£º
£¨2£©ÉÏÊöÊ®ÖÖÎïÖÊÖÐÓÐÁ½ÖÖÎïÖÊÖ®¼ä¿É·¢ÉúÀë×Ó·´Ó¦£ºH£«£«OH£= H2O£¬¸ÃÀë×Ó·´Ó¦¶ÔÓ¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ ¡£
£¨3£©¢âÔÚË®ÖеĵçÀë·½³ÌʽΪ £¬
£¨4£©ÉÙÁ¿µÄ¢ÜͨÈë¢ÞµÄÈÜÒºÖз´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ ¡£
£¨5£©¢ÚÓë¢á·¢Éú·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ£ºAl + 4HNO3 = Al(NO3)3 + NO¡ü + 2H2O£¬¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄÑõ»¯¼ÁÊÇ £¨Ìѧʽ£©£¬Ñõ»¯¼ÁÓ뻹ԼÁµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ö®±ÈÊÇ £¬µ±ÓÐ5£®4g Al·¢Éú·´Ó¦Ê±£¬×ªÒƵç×ÓµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª ¡£¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ ¡£
¢ÙH2£»¢ÚÂÁ£»¢ÛCaO£»¢ÜCO2£»¢ÝH2SO4£»¢ÞBa(OH)2£»¢ßºìºÖÉ«µÄÇâÑõ»¯ÌúÒºÌ壻¢à°±Ë®£»¢áÏ¡ÏõË᣻¢âAl2(SO4)3
ÉÏÊö¸÷ÎïÖÊ°´ÎïÖʵķÖÀà·½·¨Ìîд±í¸ñµÄ¿Õ°×´¦£¨ÌîÎïÖʱàºÅ£©£º
·ÖÀà±ê×¼ | ½ðÊôµ¥ÖÊ | Ñõ»¯Îï | ÈÜÒº | ½ºÌå | µç½âÖÊ |
ÊôÓÚ¸ÃÀàµÄÎïÖÊ | | | | | |
£¨2£©ÉÏÊöÊ®ÖÖÎïÖÊÖÐÓÐÁ½ÖÖÎïÖÊÖ®¼ä¿É·¢ÉúÀë×Ó·´Ó¦£ºH£«£«OH£= H2O£¬¸ÃÀë×Ó·´Ó¦¶ÔÓ¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ ¡£
£¨3£©¢âÔÚË®ÖеĵçÀë·½³ÌʽΪ £¬
£¨4£©ÉÙÁ¿µÄ¢ÜͨÈë¢ÞµÄÈÜÒºÖз´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ ¡£
£¨5£©¢ÚÓë¢á·¢Éú·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ£ºAl + 4HNO3 = Al(NO3)3 + NO¡ü + 2H2O£¬¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄÑõ»¯¼ÁÊÇ £¨Ìѧʽ£©£¬Ñõ»¯¼ÁÓ뻹ԼÁµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ö®±ÈÊÇ £¬µ±ÓÐ5£®4g Al·¢Éú·´Ó¦Ê±£¬×ªÒƵç×ÓµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª ¡£¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ ¡£
£¨1£©
£¨2£©Ba(OH)2 + 2HNO3 = Ba(NO3)2 + 2H2O
£¨3£©Al2(SO4)3 = 2Al3£«+ 3SO42£
£¨4£©Ba2£«+2OH£+CO2 = BaCO3¡ý+ H2O
£¨5£©HNO3 1©U1 0£®6 mol Al + 4H£«+NO3£ =Al3£«+NO¡ü+ 2 H2O
| ½ðÊôµ¥ÖÊ | Ñõ»¯Îï | ÈÜÒº | ½ºÌå | µç½âÖÊ |
ÊôÓÚ¸ÃÀàµÄÎïÖÊ | ¢Ú | ¢Û¢Ü | ¢à¢á | ¢ß | ¢Û¢Ý¢Þ¢â |
£¨2£©Ba(OH)2 + 2HNO3 = Ba(NO3)2 + 2H2O
£¨3£©Al2(SO4)3 = 2Al3£«+ 3SO42£
£¨4£©Ba2£«+2OH£+CO2 = BaCO3¡ý+ H2O
£¨5£©HNO3 1©U1 0£®6 mol Al + 4H£«+NO3£ =Al3£«+NO¡ü+ 2 H2O
ÊÔÌâ·ÖÎö£º£¨1£©¢ÚÂÁÊÇÖ»ÓнðÊôÂÁÔªËØ×é³ÉµÄ½ðÊôµ¥ÖÊ£¬¢ÛNa2OºÍ¢ÜCO2Öк¬ÓÐÁ½ÖÖÔªËØÆäÖÐÒ»ÖÖÔªËØÊÇÑõÔªËØ£¬ÊôÓÚÑõ»¯Î¢à°±Ë®Öк¬ÓÐNH3¡¢H2OºÍNH3¡¤H2O¶àÖÖ΢Á££¬ÊÇ»ìºÏÎ¢áÏ¡ÏõËá´æÔÚH+¡¢NO3-¡¢H2O¶àÖÖ΢Á££¬ÊôÓÚ»ìºÏÎÓÉÓÚ΢Á£µÄÖ±¾¶Ð¡ÓÚ1nm,ËùÒÔÊôÓÚÈÜÒº¡£¢ßºìºÖÉ«µÄÇâÑõ»¯ÌúÒºÌåÓÉÓÚFe(OH)3µÄÖ±¾¶ÔÚ1¡«100nmÖ®¼ä£¬ÊôÓÚ½ºÌå¡£¢Û¢Ý¢Þ¢âÔÚË®ÈÜÒº»òÕßÈÛÈÚ״̬ÏÂÄܵ¼µç£¬ÕâÑùµÄ»¯ºÏÎïÊôÓÚµç½âÖÊ£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º
·ÖÀà±ê×¼ | ½ðÊôµ¥ÖÊ | Ñõ»¯Îï | ÈÜÒº | ½ºÌå | µç½âÖÊ |
ÊôÓÚ¸ÃÀàµÄÎïÖÊ | ¢Ú | ¢Û¢Ü | ¢à¢á | ¢ß | ¢Û¢Ý¢Þ¢â |
£¨2£©ÉÏÊöÊ®ÖÖÎïÖÊÖÐÓÐÁ½ÖÖÎïÖÊÖ®¼ä¿É·¢ÉúÀë×Ó·´Ó¦£ºH++OH-¨TH2O£¬¸ÃÁ½ÖÖÎïÖÊΪ¿ÉÈÜÐÔµÄÇ¿¼îÓëÇ¿Ëá·´Ó¦Éú³É¿ÉÈÜÐÔµÄÑεķ´Ó¦£¬Âú×ã¸ÃÌõ¼þϵķ´Ó¦·½³ÌʽΪ£ºBa£¨OH£©2+2HNO3¨TBa£¨NO3£©2+2H2O£¬
£¨3£©Al2(SO4)3 = 2Al3£«+ 3SO42£
£¨4£©ÉÙÁ¿µÄ¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼¿ÉÒÔºÍÇ¿¼îÇâÑõ»¯±µ·´Ó¦Éú³É̼Ëá±µºÍË®£¬ÆäÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ£ºBa2++2OH-+CO2=BaCO3¡ý+H2O£¬
£¨5£©ÒÑÖªAl+4HNO3=Al£¨NO3£©3+NO¡ü+2H2O£¬HNO3¡úNO£¬µªÔªËØ»¯ºÏ¼Û´Ó+5½µµÍΪ+2£¬HNO3ÊÇÑõ»¯¼Á£»1molAl´Ó0¼ÛÉý¸ßΪ+3¼Û£¬Ê§È¥3molµç×Ó£¬
1molHNO3»¯ºÏ¼Û´Ó+5½µµÍΪ+2µÃµ½3molµç×Ó£¬ËùÒÔ»¹Ô¼ÁÓëÑõ»¯¼ÁµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿ÏàµÈ£»n£¨Al£©=n/M=5£®4g/27g/mol=0£®2mol£¬ËùÒÔתÒƵç×ÓµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª0£®2mol¡Á3=0£®6mol£»
AlºÍ4HNO3·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪAl+4H++NO3-=Al3++NO¡ü+2H2O£¬
Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÌâÄ¿