Have you ever been swimming in a pond, stream, or lake and had a leech(水蛭) stick on you? You probably shouted and tried to force it away as fast as you could. But leeches aren’t really sick, and sometimes they can save lives.

In ancient Egypt and later medieval(中世纪) Europe, doctors put leeches on patients. They believed that the spineless wormlike living things can cure all kinds of illnesses by sucking(吮吸) a patient’s blood. In Europe and in the United States, millions of leeches were used throughout the 1800s. Doctors used leeches to treat a number of illnesses, from obesity to headaches. People soon learned that leeches could not cure most diseases and were not a good treatment for patients. However in 1985, a Harvard University doctor changed people’s thinking once again. He was trying to reattach(重新接上) a patient’s ear, which had been cut off. He had trouble reconnecting the veins because the patient’s blood kept clotting(凝). He used a leech to draw out the blood and saved the ear.

Since then, leeches have often been used in surgery where body parts are reattached. During surgery, a leech is placed on the area where the surgeon does not want the blood to pool and clot. Then the leech produces a thing that keeps the veins(静脉) open and stops the blood from clotting. The leech sucks up excess blood, allowing fresh blood to flow, which helps the patient get well.

Some people are scared to death at the thought of having a blood sucking thing attached to them. But why not welcome a leech if it can save your life?

1.What is the passage mostly about?

A.Patient’s interest in leeches.

B.How and where leeches live.

C.The medical uses of leeches.

D.Leeches in ancient medicine.

2.When were leeches first used?

A.In medieval Europe.

B.In ancient Egypt.

C.In 1985 by a Harvard University doctor.

D.In the 1800s in Europe and in the United States.

3.When a leech is placed on a patient, which one happens first?

A.The leech produces a thing.

B.The patient’s veins open.

C.The patient’s blood flow faster

D.The leech sucks up excess blood.

4.Why did a doctor in 1985 decide to try using leeches?

A.He needed a way to close the wound.

B.He wanted to change people’s thought.

C.He believed in the mystery of nature.

D.He needed to keep blood from clotting

In English-language news, when you read about "relations between Beijing and Washington", it actually means "relations between China and the US". That's how important capital cities are -they stand for the country. The capital city has many roles. It is home to the central government as well as a center for cultural and economic activities. However, capital cities usually have a large population, which can be a big problem.

In August, 2019, Indonesia said that it will build a new capital on the island of Borneo. One of the reasons for this is that Jakarta, the current capital, is overpopulated. In Jakarta, the traffic is heavy and the areas people live in are crowded. What's worse, the ground has been going down at an average rate of about 10 centimeters a year and in some northern parts the ground is already 2 to 4 meters below the sea level. Rising sea levels linked (关联) to climate change could make the problem even worse in the future.

Last century, Rio de Janeiro, the then capital of Brazil, was overpopulated as well. In 1960, the country moved its capital to Brasilia to solve this problem. People believed that if they moved the capital to a less-developed city, Brazil would have more balanced development. This turned out to be right.

Many capital cities are facing problems as they develop. Besides building a new one, maybe new technology can help solve some of the problems.

Beijing In 2015, China's government called for building "smart" cities and planned to turn Beijing into one of these cities. A new sub-center in the city's Tongzhou district will be the testing ground for this idea. "Smart" technology will be used to solve traffic problems, control air pollution and recycle garbage.

Tokyo The capital of Japan is working to make itself a "green" city. People are encouraged to plant trees on their rooftops. The city will use technology to recycle rainwater and turn a landfill into a forest.

Singapore Singapore is a city-state. It is using internet of things(物联网)technology to help save energy. In public housing, smart sensors (传感器) remind people of how much water and electricity they are using.

1.With the example of Brazil, the writer tries to tell us that .

A.it can be a good choice to move a country's capital

B.Indonesia can move its capital city Jakarta to Brazil

C.it is right for every country to change its capital city

D.most capital cities usually have a large population

2.What can we learn from the passage?

A.Capital city can represent all the roles of the country.

B.Water will cover the current capital of Indonesia soon.

C.Beijing has solved many problems by using technology.

D.Both Japan and Singapore are working to save energy.

3.The passage mainly talks about _______.

A.how to use new technology smartly B.how to solve the problems of capital cities

C.what the problems of capital cities are D.what the relationship between capital cities is

January 27,in order to win the new pneumonia Resistance War(抗击新型肺炎战). Ministry of Education asked to put off the start time of school in spring 2020.

However, many parents are very worried that putting of the start of school may affect children's studies. If they have such a long winter vacation. children will not learn any knowledge, read books or study at all. They may forget what they have learned before Staving at home for a long time will make them keep eating, sleeping and playing, which seriously affect their physical and mental health.

In short, the close of school influences learning and develops bad habits, so how should we avoid these problems? Local education departments have also issued a notice. that is, to organize online teaching and create a network platform(平台), where necessary courses will be shown every day, and online teaching will be given by excellent teachers of the subject, and students can learn at home through computer or mobile network.

It should be said that such a method is very good. It can not only keep students indoors and not worry about the infection(感染) of the disease, but also make them study at home, improve their learning ability, and truly achieve "no suspension of classes". Both the platform itself and the recorded lesson resources are more useful, and are welcomed by parents and teachers.

Of course, except for learning at home, it is also necessary to teach children about health knowledge, especially how to keep away from touching virus and other knowledge popularization; at the same time, it is also necessary for children to do some physical exercises or some games, which is good for physical health at home.

1.Parents worried about putting off the start time of school because ________.

A.children may be infected by virus B.they don't like the idea of online learning

C.children's study may be affected D.parents have no time to look after children

2.Except for learning at home, what is also necessary according to the writer?

A.To keep playing online games. B.To keep touching different people.

C.To do some physical exercises outside. D.To teach children about health knowledge.

3.The underlined word "suspension" in Paragraph 4 probably means ________.

A.plan B.stop C.growth D.change

4.What's the best title for this passage?

A.Special Way to Learn at Home B.A New War with a New Chance

C.A Way to Keep Mentally Healthy D.A Method to Make Parents Worried

DNA is in every cell ( 细 胞 ) of our bodies except for our red blood cells. It stores the information your body needs to make you who you are. Your DNA is 99.5% the same as everyone else on the planet. The 0.5% that we don't share with everyone else is the bit that makes you different.

DNA is the mysterious code ( 神秘密码 ) of life. It not only decides your gender ( 性别 ) and appearance, but also tells you about your family history, as well as your relations with people in other parts of the world.

Last fall, 20 students at Coretta Scott King Young Women's Leadership Academy in Atlanta learned more about who they are through a DNA test.

During their life sciences class, the girls took samples ( 样本) from their cheeks and sent them to Living DNA, a UK—based DNA testing company. From the test results, they learned about their ancestry ( 祖先 ) and made real-world connections to their races.

Lizbeth Islas, 12, learned about her family's Central American roots ( 根,根源 ) from her mother, who is Guatemalan ( 危地马拉人 ). She expected to share DNA with 54% of Native American people, but she was surprised to ?nd that she also shared DNA with people living in Africa and Europe.

Elianed Guzman, 13, knew little about her family except that they were from Mexico. She was surprised to learn that she also shared DNA with people in China and Japan.

The girls gathered in small groups to wait for their results. Their reactions reached from confusion to surprise. The 13-year-old Amariah Caudle said she learned that "the color of your skin can't decide where you are from."

Diahan Southard, a manager from Living DNA, helped them understand the test results. "Does it change how you see yourself?" Southard asked.

"Now I know I have family from everywhere," said Jahtmya Phillips, 13. "Does it change how you see the girls around the table?" Southard asked. "We are all sisters," said Anike Akanni-Jenkins, 13.

Laura Pena, the school's class designer, said she hopes to add DNA testing to the school's ninth grade curriculum ( 课程 ) in the future. "This is not a lesson they will forget anytime soon," she said.

1.Which of the following about DNA is NOT TRUE according to the passage?

A.DNA decides your gender and appearance.

B.DNA can tell you about your family history.

C.99.5% of your DNA is different from other people.

D.DNA can ?nd your relations with people in other parts of the world.

2.Guzman shares DNA with people in .

A.Africa B.Australia C.Europe D.Asia

3.What did the students learn from the program?

A.People need to accept who they are.

B.Everyone in the world is connected to others.

C.We should learn more about our family history.

D.People's personalities can be explained by their roots.

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