As is often the case, parents are very shocked to discover their children have lied to them for the first time. But new research has suggested many parents may not even notice many of the lies their children tell them.

Psychologists have discovered that most parents are over-confident in their children’s honesty and this may impair their ability to discover a lie.

The findings may help to explain why some parents seem to be willing to let their children get away with almost anything even in the face of the evidence (迹象). They say parents suffer from a “truth bias (偏见)” with their own teenagers, but when faced with lies from other people’s children, they have less difficulty telling if a statement is true or not.

Dr. Angela Evans, a psychologist at Brock University in Canada, said, “The close relationship that parents share with their own children may lead to parents failing to discover their children’s lies. Parents’ truth bias may result in parents being less doubtable of their children, allowing them to successfully cheat (欺骗) them.”

Most children are thought to start lying as early as two years old but start telling more believable lies at around the age of four years old. Learning how to lie is considered as a key part of cognitive (认知的) and social development in children. But many parents are shocked when their children start lying to them. In their study, Dr Evans and her colleagues filmed 108 children aged between 8 and 16 as they performed a test after being asked not to look at the answers. They were then asked afterwards if they had looked, with 50 truthfully denying (否认) looking, 49 lying about looking and 9 admitting (承认) to looking.

Videos of those denying looking were then shown to 152 parents of children aged 8 to 16, 80 of whom had children who had taken part in the test. The researchers found that the parents were less able to discover lies told by their own children than by other people’s children.

1.What does the underlined word “impair” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A.Show. B.Harm. C.Realize. D.Develop.

2.When lying to their parents, children can’t be easily found because ________.

A.their parents aren’t prepared for the lies

B.their parents can’t notice any of their lies

C.they are very good at telling lies

D.they know how to lie to their parents

3.What does Dr. Evans want to find about children’s lying?

A.What makes parents lose trust in their children.

B.What causes children to tell lies to their parents.

C.What makes parents fail to see their children’s lies.

D.What affects children’s relations with their parents.

4.What can be inferred from Dr. Evans’s study in the last two paragraphs?

A.Parents prefer to protect their own children.

B.Lying is a part of children’s development.

C.Children aged 8 to 16 are very likely to tell lies.

D.Parents can easily discover lies told by children of others.

Have you heard of Maria Montessori? She is a famous Italian educationalist, whose method of teaching has _______ people all over the world.

Born in Italy in 1870, Montessori became the first woman doctor in her country after she graduated from _______ school in 1896. She did many operations for poor children. Later, she _______ a "Children House" in Rome in 1907. The rooms were bright and colorful. This was the place where she developed the Montessori Method, which was formed during 1908-1913.

Maria thought that children must be free to learn _______ being criticized (批评) or limited. She let the children make their own _______ of what they wanted to do and work with their own speed, not the rest of the class or the teacher. As a result, children love learning and this gives them confidence. Very young children learn to dress _______ and to put their toys away so they can become independent (独立的). Children are _______ to repeat activities as often as they wish, and they develop their observation (观察) skill by doing different activities.

In addition, the Montessori Method thinks that a teacher is a _______, not a leader of the classroom, helping to open students' eyes to wonder around them.

A typical room in a Montessori school has many things children can use. The furniture is _______ so they can arrange (安排) it as they wish. Because the environment offers many activities, children like to work together and they develop a social life based on cooperation (合作) instead of ________.

Maria Montessori travelled around the world to train teachers to use her method. In 1950, she received the World Peace Education Badges.

1.A.influenced B.controlled C.organized D.praised

2.A.business B.medical C.language D.art

3.A.put up B.took up C.turned up D.set up

4.A.by B.after C.with D.without

5.A.choices B.promises C.mistakes D.suggestions

6.A.itself B.it C.themselves D.them

7.A.refused B.forced C.warned D.encouraged

8.A.manager B.guide C.controller D.pioneer

9.A.light B.expensive C.heavy D.large

10.A.conclusion B.conversation C.competition D.contribution

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