Question

【题目】 Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation (感觉)of warmth encourages emotional (情感的) warmth, while a cold drink in hand stops you from making unwise decisions—those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.

Psychologists have known that one person’s feeling of another’s “warmth” is a powerful determiner (决定因素) in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies’ understanding of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.

Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those feelings influence judgment in dozens of countries.

To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh did an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form. The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate (评估) the personality of the assistant . Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded the assistant as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.

“We based on our physical experiences even when we think abstractly (抽象地).” says Bargh.

【1】According to Paragraph 1, a person’s emotion may be affected by ______.

A. the visitors to his officeB. the psychology lessons he has

C. the things he has bought onlineD. his physical feeling of coldness

【2】The author mentions Harlow’s experiment to show that ______.

A. adults should develop social skillsB. caregivers should be healthy adult

C. babies need warm physical contactsD. monkeys have social relationships

【3】We can infer from the passage that ______.

A. abstract thinking does not come from physical experiences

B. physical temperature affects how we see others

C. feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide

D. capable persons are often cold to others

【4】What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Drinking for Better Social Relationships.

B. Physical Sensations and Emotions.

C. Developing Better Drinking Habits.

D. Experiments of Rating the Personality.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】C

【3】B

【4】B

【解析】

科学家通过试验证明，在人际交往中，人们能从对方哪怕端来的一杯水中感受到对方的温暖或冷淡。因此，在人际交往中，我们要用关心去温暖对方。

【1】细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“The physical sensation of warmth encourages emotional warmth while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions.” 可知，一个人的情感可能会受到身体对冷暖的感知（physical feeling of coldness）的影响。故答案为D。

【2】推理判断题。文章从第二段第四句开始讲述 Harlow 的实验，第二段最后一句 “Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.” 意为“哈洛的工作成果和随后的各项研究使得心理学家们强调，照顾孩子的人给予孩子温暖的触感是必要的，这可以帮助孩子们成长为健康、社交技能健全的成年人。”说明孩子在成长过程中需要温暖的触感。故答案为C。

【3】推理判断题。A项，文章最后一段提到 “We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly” （即便在做抽象思考时，我们也会以身体经验为基础），A项错误。B项，文章第四段最后一句 “Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.” 说明体温会影响我们对他人的看法，B项正确。C项，结合第三段第二句 “Although no worldwide study has been done ...” 说明这项研究并没有在世界范围内开展，C项错误。D项，结合第二段第二句 “even trumping evidence that a 'cold' person may be more capable” 可知，虽然那些“冷感”的人可能能力更强，但这并不能说明有能力的人通常对别人比较冷漠，D项错误。故答案为B。

【4】主旨大意题。结合文意以及第四段第一句话“To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth ...”可知，文章主要讲述的是生理温度和心理情感之间的关系。故答案为B。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题是本文的主要题型，如文中的第2和3小题。做此类题的时候也是在抓住关键句子的基础上合理地分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。